advantage of DME (POLAROGRAPHY) VERY IMPORTANT 

• Its surface area is reproducible which eliminates passivity or poisoning effect
• there is a large hydrogen overvoltage of mercury,so reduction of even alkali metals 
• surface area can be calculated from weight of drop
• diffusion current assumes steady value immediately and thus reproducible 

limitation

• ease with which it is oxidised
• limited use

DIFFERNCE BETWEEN SACCHARIMETER AND POLARIMETER

• Saccharimeter uses white light and can be use only for sugars while polarimeter is operated with sharp monochromatic light
• polarimeter can used for determination of optical rotation of any solution including sugars but saccharometer sugar determinations are basis of internationally accepted sugars degree

spectral wavelength and colors corresponding 
range of wavelength  (color absorbed) 
400-450(violet)----------> yellow green (supplementary observed color of solution)
450-480(blue)------------>yellow
480-490(green blue)--------> orange 
490-500(blue green)----------> red
500-560(green)----------------> purple
560-575(yellow green)-----------> violet
575-590(yellow)-------------------> blue
590-625(orange)---------------------> green blue
625-750(red)--------------------------> blue green

PGECET 2011 PHARMACY QUESTION PAPER

1) ANTAGONIST OF VITAMIN K
2) MOA OF TAXOL
3) THYMIDINE ANALOGUE IN TREATING AIDS
4) example of PPAR GAMMA
5) ANTIDOTE OF METHANOL
6) losartan comes under (CATEGORY)
7) reserpine (catecholamine depletor)
8) methotrexate moa
9) murexide reagennt give wic colour
10) carvone category
11) OCIMUM SANTUM family name
12) FID OTHERWISE CALLED AS
13)sodium and potassium can be detected by flame photometry
14) hooks law is applicable to I.R SPECTROMETRY
15) vancomycin mechanism of action
16) chemical classification OF DOXEPIN
17) moa of ACETAZOLAMIDE
18)EXAMPLE OF 8- amino quinolines
19)liberman buchard test is for
20)borntager test is for ...?
21)chloramphenicol active form
22)critic acid cycle is for..??
23) morphine adverse effect
24) hydroxy benzyl pencillin otherwise called as
25)cab-o-sil is//??

example of gram stained bacteria

example of gram positive genera:-
micrococcus
diplococccus
streptococcus
staphylococcus
bacillus
clostridium
corynebacterium
mycobacterium

example of gram negative genera are

vibrio
proteus
neisseria
bordetella

pasteurella
pseudomonas
escherichia
shigella
salmonella

region of egg used in production of official vaccines

yolk sac--> vaccine for typhus
embyo ---> yellow fever vaccine
allantoic fluid ---> influenza vaccine
chorio allantoic membrane ---> small pox

list of natural antibiotic and sources

organism                         :           antibiotic

streptomyces peucetius        :       donorubicin
streptomyces var. caesius    :       doxorubicin

streptomyces orientalis        :       vancomycin(assay by :bacillus substilis)

penicillium griseofulvum       :      griseofulvin

streptomyces nodosus        :      amphotericin

streptomyces noursei          :      nystatin

streptomyces natalensis      :      natamycin( 26 membered lactone ring)

streptomyces capreolus      :     capreomycin

sterptomyces avermitilis      :     ivermectin

streptomyces rimosus         :    paromomycin and oxytetracycline

streptomyces kanamyceticus : kanamycin

streptomyces fradiae              : neomycin

micromonospora purpurea      : gentamicin

micromonospora inyoenesis    : netilmicin

streptomyces aureofaciens      : chlor tetracyclines

streptomyces spectabilis         : spectinomycin

streptomyces lincolensis          : lincomycin

bacillus substilis                       : bacitracin

bacillus polymyxa                     : colistin

bacillus brevis                           : gramicidin

streptomyces venezuelae           : chloramphenicol

streptomyces spheroides           : novoboicin

pseudomonas fluorescence        : mupirocin

fusidium coccineum                    : fusidic acid

streptomyces antibioticus            : viidabarine

streptomyces verticillus                : bleomycin

streptomyces caespitosus             : mitomycin-c

streptomyces parvulus                  : dactinomycin

streptomyces plicatus                   : plicamycin

streptomyces tsukubensis             : tacrolimus

streptomyces mediternii                : rifampicin

streptomyces pristmaspiralis          : quinpristin